Biologic Manufacturing and the FDA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biologic Manufacturing and the FDA - Essay Example Biologics joined with radioactive segments are considered biologics, while biologics joined with non-radioactive segments are drugs. While most examinations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) center around the organization's power to choose which new medicines arrive at the American commercial center, the FDA assumes an administrative watchman job at another key point in the natural advancement process. In looking into investigational new medication applications (INDs), the FDA figures out which trial treatments, antibodies, and other natural items advance from preclinical through clinical improvement to the authorizing stage (Mark). Biopharmaceuticals are authorized under Section 351 of the Public Health Service Act (Mark)and in explicit segments of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. To acquire advertising endorsement for another biologic, a candidate presents a biologics permit application (BLA) (Koan and Ellis). The BLA must allow office commentators to make four head ju dgments: The development media falls under Federal food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the demonstration) and henceforth, constrained by the equivalent, explicitly, if the media is gotten from any protein, a mark expressing the chance of the media as an allergen ought to be expressed.

Quotations by King Alfred the Great

Citations by King Alfred the Great Alfred was phenomenal for an early medieval lord in a few regards. He was an especially wily military administrator, effectively keeping the Danes under control, and he shrewdly supported safeguards when the foes of his realm were involved somewhere else. When England was minimal in excess of an assortment of warring realms, he built up political relations with his neighbors, including the Welsh, and bound together a generous segment of the heptarchy. He showed noteworthy regulatory energy, rearranging his military, giving significant laws, ensuring the feeble, and advancing learning. Be that as it may, generally uncommon of all, he was a talented researcher. Alfred the Great interpreted a few works from Latin into his own language, Anglo-Saxon, referred to us as Old English, and kept in touch with certain works of his own. In his interpretations, he at times embedded remarks that offer knowledge into the books as well as into his own brain. Here are some remarkable citations from the outstanding English ruler, Alfred the Great. I wanted to live commendably as long as I lived and to leave after my life, to the men who should come after me, the memory of me in acts of kindness. From Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius Recollect what disciplines came to pass for us in this world when we ourselves didn't esteem learning nor transmit it to other men. From Pastoral Care by Pope Gregory the Great In this way he appears to me an exceptionally silly man, and pitiful, who won't increment his comprehension while he is on the planet, and ever wish and long to arrive at that unending life where all will be clarified. From Blooms (otherwise known as Anthology) All the time it has struck a chord what men of realizing there were once in the past all through England, both in strict and mainstream requests; and how there were cheerful occasions then all through England; and how the lords, who had authority over this individuals, obeyed God and his delegates; and how they not just kept up their tranquility, profound quality, and authority at home yet additionally expanded their domain outside; and how they succeeded both in fighting and in knowledge; and furthermore how enthusiastic were the strict requests both in educating and in learning just as in all the blessed administrations which it was their obligation to perform for God; and how individuals from abroad looked for shrewdness and guidance in this nation; and how these days, on the off chance that we wished to procure these things, we would need to look for them outside. From the introduction to Pastoral Care At the point when I reviewed how information on Latin had recently rotted all through England, but many could in any case read things written in English, I at that point started, in the midst of the different and diverse torments of this realm, to convert into English the book which in Latin is called Pastoralis, in English Shepherd-book, now and again in exactly the same words, now and then sense for sense. From the introduction to Pastoral Care For in flourishing a man is frequently puffed up proudly, while tribulations reprimand and humble him through misery and distress. Amidst thriving the psyche is cheerful, and in success a man overlooks himself; in hardship, he is compelled to consider himself, despite the fact that he be reluctant. In success a man regularly pulverizes the great he has done; in the midst of challenges, he frequently fixes what he since a long time ago did in the method of evil. ― Attributed. As of late, the veracity of Alfreds initiation has been raised doubt about. Did he truly make an interpretation of anything from Latin to Old English? Did he compose anything of his own? Look at the contentions in Jonathan Jarretts blog entry, Deintellectualising King Alfred.

Speech on a english project Essays

Discourse on an english undertaking Essays Discourse on an english undertaking Essay Discourse on an english undertaking Essay One thing that I have been helpful in is the walking band. Participation is the most significant ability to have in band. It is expected to make all the developments to be in the right shape. I additionally need collaboration with others so we as a whole watch the drum majors and remain in sync, play at the opportune time, and do elements accurately. One of the last significant angle collaboration is utilized for in the walking band is concurring on new thoughts for what to do during the show. Participation is the key viewpoint for any walking occasion whether it is a football match-up or an opposition. It is a significant that we as a whole watch the drum majors for some reasons. The drum majors direct the beat of the music and by watching them we can stream them and remain in sync. We can likewise realize when to begin and quit playing at the best possible occasions. In conclusion the drum majors give us when we need to play significant elements. Elements are the louds and softs played in the music. Without the drum majors the collaboration in the band would be a lot harder to control. Another significant perspective need with participation for walking band is to get into the right developments. It is everybodys Job in the walking band to be in the correct ribbon at the perfect time. On the off chance that one individual is strange the entire arrangement looks wrong, which is the reason collaboration with the other musicians is so indispensable in this game. The last significant explanation collaboration is important for the band is concocting new plans to do during the show. In the event that the band is remaining in a development for a brief period we have to do a visual. This includes the individuals concurring on a thought and ensuring it is useful thought. After it gets affirmed it is necessitated that everyone learns the move and can preform it with the correct procedure. This is in some cases very ifficult in view of one gathering of individuals doing a certain something and other sitting idle, at that point the two of them switch what they are doing. I accept that participation is the most significant angle and trademark required for walking band. Watching the drum majors for playing the music at the correct occasions, remaining in sync, and doing address elements is significant. Concurring with other musicians on the new thoughts for the walking appear. One of the most significant things of everything is getting to the best possible development at the correct occasions for the whole show. Discourse on an english venture By SirCeasar

Safety School

Safety School May 27 Students of Ivy Coach do not end up at their safety school (photo credit: Yeungb). Did you end up at your safety school? Theres a piece up on The Huffington Post today entitled So Youre Going to Your Safety SchoolNow What? written by Joe Gu, a freshman at UCLA. In the piece, Gu makes the argument that many students end up going to what was initially their safety school. In fact, he writes: The sad truth of the college application process is that few students are actually admitted to the school of their dreams. Virtually all applicants receive rejection letters and ultimately end up compromising in one way or another when they matriculate. Thus, inevitably, many students each year are left with the terrifying prospect of enrolling in one of their safety schools.' Well, Joe, this isnt the case for the students of Ivy Coach. Our students dont end up at their safety schools. Our students end up at dream schools. But youre not incorrect in asserting this point in reference to other college applicants. Many do end up at their safety schoolsand they make the best of it. Or they dont and seek to transfer. For students who did not work with us as high schoolers who are intent on transferring next year, now is the perfect time to begin  working on your transfer applications. Does that mean that you shouldnt enjoy this next year of your life at your safety school and make the best of friends? Absolutely not. Do enjoy it. Do make great friends. Do have the time of your life, as Green Day would say. And thats precisely why now is a great time to work on your transfer applicationsbefore college begins. Before classes start and youre inundated with work. Before youre busy making new, great friends. Do it this summer when you have the time so that when it comes time to consider transferring, doing the applications doesnt factor into the decision. One person commented to a previous post on our site that its wrong of us to recommend transferring so early in the game, before students have experienced their safety school. We completely disagree. We strongly urge students to enjoy their year at their safety school and to do this effectively, we just happen to recommend writing all transfer essays in advance during the summer months.

The Financial Manager - 895 Words

The financial manager has a critical role in the organization. This position must be able to adapt to unique and often stressful situations. They must have good leadership skills and build confidence within the organization that the decisions made are correct. They often have to wear multiple hats at a time and provide structure to chaotic situations. This position should display leadership, empathy, emotional intelligence and have a solid understanding of accounting. Their accounting background should enable them to distinguish and understand all types of financial reports and statements and they should have short and long term projections for the company. In addition, within the health care industry they must be able to understand coding, billing and payer structure to ensure the revenue cycle has viability. They will review, understand and set FTE’s, manage personnel and establish, implement and evaluate financial strategies. In addition, these individuals must be a ble stewards of the organization. They have to be ethical, set policy/procedures and clear a path for efficient and effective operations. They evaluate information, make decisions implement the decision, evaluate the results, adjust and implement the new course of action (Cleverley, Cleverley Song, 2010, p 4). Also, they maintain compliance with all state and federal regulations. The financial manager has a wide range of responsibilities to ensure the organization is viable. The primaryShow MoreRelatedRole of the Financial Manager1139 Words   |  5 PagesRole of the Financial Manager Paper Introduction Shareholders own companies and are therefore entitled to a return on their investments when the companies are performing well. It becomes the financial managers role to ensure that shareholders are receiving a maximum return on their investment. This project will concentrate on defining the different roles and objectives of financial managers in their attempt to maximize shareholder value. Furthermore, the viewpoint of stockholders will alsoRead MoreRole of Financial Manager1220 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Financial Manager The role of the financial manager has changed drastically during recent years. Previously, financial managers were seen as the stewards of the organization, since they were responsible to ensure the accountability of all organizational assets and to generate accurate financial reports. Today, their main goal is to maximize shareholder value. In order to achieve this goal, they have to be information managers, cost managers, controllers, consultants, and risk managers. HoweverRead MoreRoles Of A Financial Manager861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roles of a Financial Manager are many, but their primary goal is to warrant growth of the proprietor’s wealth and to ensure maximum profit of the company. When a financial manager achieves his or her personal goals of a company, they too will be successful, (Moyer, et al, 2008). The decisions of financial managers are capital structure, working capital management and capital budgeting. A financial manager has to decide on the type of investments that the company should undertake (Siegel ShimRead MoreEssay On Financial Manager1360 Words   |  6 PagesBeing Financial Manager comes with laws and regulations for them to follow. These Laws and regulations for this job are going to be stated throughout this essay with when they were published and what they mean. The first act is the Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act, which was published on 2004 and protects financial managers, requires that the person in charge of the agency provides a statement of assurance on if the agency has met their requirement. It also requires businesses to controlRead MoreChallenges Faced By Financial Managers1396 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor issues Challenges posed to financial managers are both in the human assets in its framework and technological advancements. Human asset need extra aptitudes keeping in mind the end goal to satisfy its part. Hierarchical structure turns out to be more complex with enhanced procedures that consolidate innovation so as to gather, investigate and report critical monetary information required in the basic leadership handle. The exploration on how financial managers and their departments adjustmentsRead MoreBusiness Management : The Financial Manager Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pages2) Investment Decision: The financial manager is supposed to be able to decide between the most profitable investment portfolio that will reduce to exposure minimum the risk of finance and ensure maximum return to the enterprise owner(s). 3) Dividend Policy: The financial manager is responsible for deciding the dividend policy of the enterprise. In a small scale enterprise, the responsibility of the financial manager would include that of determining how to allocate the profit from the to the variousRead MoreThe Main Tasks Of A Financial Manager1549 Words   |  7 Pagesfinance exerts a significant impact on individuals as well as companies nowadays. Knowledge about finance fills so many books to equip financial managers to create more benefits for the company. As a financial manager, one primary duty is maximising the wealth of the firm by making correct decisions. This report will focus on the three main tasks of a financial manager, name investment decision, financing decision and dividend decision. Firstly, we will state our understanding of these terms in detailRead More Role of Financial Manager Essay657 Words   |  3 PagesWhen I think of a financial manager, accountant quickly comes to mind. The role of acc ountant and financial manager are similar in several ways and often times they work closely together on various projects. The role of an Accountant is to ensure that their organization is run efficiently, make sure their records are accurate, and that their taxes are paid properly and on time. Accountants perform a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax, and consulting activities for their clients. They recordRead MoreThe Financial Manager Of The Healthcare Organization1588 Words   |  7 PagesAs the financial manager of the healthcare organization, I will review my management view and the specifics that are associated. I will delve into the stewardship components of my view as well. I will accumulate records for the financial operations of the organization and delve specifically into what those pieces are and how I would use those. I will explain the tools that I would utilize in order to explain the financial documents. And lastly, I will delve into the process I would follow for borrowingRead MoreFinancial Ratios and Division Managers2025 Words   |  9 Pagesboss might need to talk to her and explain the solution for her. This problem can be final dealt by clocking-in and clocking-out even time for lunch hours. B) Division managers are padding cost estimates so as to show short-term efficiency gains when the costs come in lower than the estimates. Agency Problem: Division managers use their authority to mislead information and a problem exists when management and stockholders have conflicting ideas on how the company should be run in short-term. It

Raging Waters Essay Example For Students

Raging Waters Essay The magic in The Tempest was able to create many abnormal happenings as well as different feelings that are shown through the characters of Milan. There were two different types of magic that were shown one was represented by witches and wizards, this type of magic was not the beneficial type of magic. The beneficial type of magic was created by studies that were done in secret and used to discover new forces, and to study the greater effects of physics. All this magic that took place results in many of the illusions that were created on the island. There are many illusions that seem to happen quite frequently, while the shipwrecked persons of Milan were on the island that was created by Prosperos powers. Many of these encounters may not even be illusions but figments of their imagination as well as hallucinations. While others tend to happen because of the magic that Prospero creates with his mind. The spirits of the air are the highest type these include Ariel, Ceres, Iris, Juno, as well as the nymphs. Each part of the magic symbolizes a certain part of the island. The spirits of the air I have already mentioned another type would be the spirits of the earth. These would include the goblins, the dogs and hounds that were used to disease Caliban and his associates. (: Our natures do pursue, Like rats that ravin down their proper bane, A thirsty evil; and when we drink we die. Act 1, sc. 2) Another form of the earth spirits would be the nymphs (Prospero: Go make yourself like a nymph o th sea. Be subject To no sight but thine an d mine, invisible to every eyeball else. Go take this shape and hither come int. Go! Hence with diligence! ExitAriel . Awake, dear heart, awake! Thou hast slept well. Awake!act 1, sc. 2}Out if Prosperos anger he creates a vicious storm at sea causing the ship to become shipwrecked on his very own island. He uses this as an advantage to make the island as a task for all the Millan characters to find themselves. This would be their task as they are on the island. Prospero uses some of his most intriguing magic spells to manipulate his guests that will be staying on the island. The people are aware of the power that the island holds but they are unaware that Prospero is in existence at this point. Part of the manipulation process that Prospero creates is gaining the trust amongst the many people that have become ship wrecked. Prospero: Tis time I should inform thee farther. Lend thy hand. . . For thou must know farther.(act 1, sc. 2) After this they are like prisoners on his island and do anything for him. The island itself is illusory. It is Prosperos and its warm tropical climate alone would make someone think they were dreaming. Another main part of the illusions would be Ariel and its fairy friends. Ariel was shown throughout the play. It created music, and could fly freely about the island. Ariel could form all aspects of fire, air, earth, and water. Fire was shown through lightning and in forms of flames. Water spirits appear in the Naiads and also the elves of the brooks and streams. Its spirit in air would be shown by how Ariel can glide through the air freely. The characters could not always see Ariel but most definitively heard it. Ariel and the other spirits were also able to transform themselves into different paraphernalia. In doing this they were able to watch the people and guide them in order to find their inner spirits. .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf , .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .postImageUrl , .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf , .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf:hover , .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf:visited , .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf:active { border:0!important; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf:active , .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udef73171678caa65a9e66c5f2ae493bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Battle of the Sexes EssayAs the spirits flew about they were able to control the fate on the island. The humans in this play had no authority as to the fate that occurred on the island, and had to rely on the spirits. As for Caliban, he had a different form, but he still was the mercy of the spirits. Calibans destination was directed by the nymphs and other creatures. Prospero: For this, be sure, tonight thou shalt have cramps, side-stiches that shall pen thy breath up. Urchins shall, for that vast night that they may work, all exercise on thee; thou shalt be pinched as thick as honeycomb, each pinch more stinging than bees that made em. (act 1, sc. 2)Prospero talking to Caliban Caliban was also related to the many illusions that were created on the island. Many of the people that were in the shipwreck had never seen a creature that was quite as ugly as Caliban. Many of them thought that there could be no such thing as a beast as ugly as Caliban. In fact Caliban was a gentle creature with human feelings. Shakespeare greatly emphasized on how freely the spirits could fly through and about the island, making it haunted. The spirits symbolized our fate in life and how we have no idea were the path is going to take us, and what road we will travel down. You cant fight reality or fate away, just like the characters in The Tempest couldnt fight away the spirits. In some cases the spirits and illusions helped the people but in other situations the matters at hand became worse. You have to believe in fate and freedom for any of it to come true, you must believe in the spirits in order for them to do anything for you. It may not even be a force of nature that creates these illusions it is in fact you yourself that has to make them come alive, you must believe in them. It is important for people to believe in some things that are unbelievable to others, and vice versa. They must do this because it in turn helps them to believe in themselves. By: Brad Fletcher1996

Member of Parliament free essay sample

This puts the rest of the team in a situation that could cause stress and extra work that they wouldn’t have had to deal with if the team member had done what they said they would do. In order to avoid this it is important for all team members to understand the importance of doing what they are assigned to do. †¢A team member who does not meet deadlines There are many things to consider when something goes wrong when you are a part of a team or group. The first thing I would do is make sure that the deadline was known and that the team member understood the deadline and what was supposed to be completed. If there was a misunderstanding then I would make sure that the rest of the team didn’t have the same misunderstanding about the deadlines and their importance. This situation is especially true for me and this assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Member of Parliament or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was late in submitting my portion and it has put team members in this exact scenario. The way I would handle this with myself, is to make sure I know how important deadlines are and how the impact the work of the rest of the team. I would let myself know that people are relying on me to have my portion of a project or assignment done in order for their portions to be implemented and the final project to be completed. In order to avoid this in the future, I will make sure that I keep track of all deadlines and schedule my time accordingly.

Poe Essays - Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask Of Amontillado, Poe

Poe Essays - Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask Of Amontillado, Poe Poe This essay is about how Poe uses the description of environments in his narratives. I shall explain this usage with close reference to several short stories by Poe. A full listing of the stories used appears in the List of Works Consulted at the end of this essay. It is important to note that in all of the stories, the narration is in the first-person. This has deep-reaching effects on how particular environments are described. This will also be commented upon. The first excerpt comes from a story entitled ?MS Found In a Bottle?: Our vessel was a beautiful ship of about four hundred tons, copper-fastened, and built at Bombay of Malabar teak. She was freighted with cotton-wool and oil, from the Lachadive islands. We had also on board coir, jaggeree, ghee, cocoa-nuts, and a few cases of opium. The stowage was clumsily done, and the vessel consequently crank. Poe describes his environments in great detail ? thus giving the reader a clear representation of where the scene is taking place. The above description is short and concise compared to a usual Poe description. Here he has described the ship as beautiful ? this is an opinion and not a description, and Poe often gives opinions in his descriptions. His description consists of the weight of the ship, what it is made of, where it was built, of what it was built, and the cargo it was carrying. A further minute detail is that the ship was lopsided because the cargo wasn?t stowed properly. This is the sort of meticulous detail that Poe generally uses. It is unusual in his works to find a detailed description this short however. This next excerpt is from the same story, and is more typical of Poe?s descriptive style ? particularly the length of the description: I have made many observations lately upon the structure of the vessel. Although well armed, she is not, I think, a ship of war. Her rigging, build, and general equipment, all negative a supposition of this kind. What she is not, I can easily perceive what she is I fear it is impossible to say. I know not how it is, but in scrutinizing her strange model and singular cast of spars, her huge size and overgrown suits of canvas, her severely simple bow and antiquated stern, there will occasionally flash across my mind a sensation of familiar things, and there is always mixed up with such indistinct shadows of recollection, an unaccountable memory of old foreign chronicles and ages long ago. I have been looking at the timbers of the ship. She is built of a material to which I am a stranger. There is a peculiar character about the wood which strikes me as rendering it unfit for the purpose to which it has been applied. I mean its extreme porousness, considered independently by the ! worm-eaten condition which is a consequence of navigation in these seas, and apart from the rottenness attendant upon age. It will appear perhaps an observation somewhat over-curious, but this wood would have every, characteristic of Spanish oak, if Spanish oak were distended by any unnatural means. The introductory sentence to this paragraph forewarns the reader that Poe is about to make a lengthy description, as he proceeds to do. He offers more speculation than actual description here, but he does to eliminate what is unlikely about the true features of the ship and his rambling resembles the thought processes of the ?average? person. Poe meanders a lot. By this I mean that there is no clear logical progression to his description. In his meandering, there is a sense that the reader is not actually meant to follow the meaning, and that it is only for the narrator?s benefit that it has been written at all. This is consistent with the story, as the narrator commented earlier in the story that he was going to record his observations in case he did not survive. He mentioned specifically that it would be a journal, but this paragraph does not read as a journal. I reads more as notes taken down with the intent to organise and elaborate later. This could quite possibly be the effect Poe was looking for when he

Technological advance in law enforcement and the use of force Research Paper

Technological advance in law enforcement and the use of force continuum - Research Paper Example The government flooded the border patrol with many high-tech tools in order to overcome this challenge. Since then, the rate of illegal immigration reduced a big deal and this shows how effective this technology is in law enforcement. The use of this technology is revolutionizing the ability of law enforcement bodies to combat crime and aid in service of justice. The use of force continuum is the policy that stipulates how much force the law enforcement officials can use against a resisting subject. This policy is clear in such a way that both the law enforcement and the citizens understand how and why the officers use force. Although this is usually under use during training, the use of force continuum is also applicable by a review board when determining whether use of force by an officer is justifiable. As the technology rapidly advances, so does its use in law enforcement. There has been gradual improvement in technology but it has happened in stages. The first stage was between 1881 and 1945 and these were due to the work of August Vollmer. Under his jurisdiction in California, the department increased mobility through more vehicles for patrol. During this period, there was increase in precinct-patrol communication through radio and telephone. During this period, there was establishment of the first forensic laboratory that was applicable in evidence analysis. This laboratory was the precursor to use of polygraph, fingerprint and handwriting classification system therefore exponentially facilitating technology. This stage had significant effects on the improvement of the the police force. During this period, the force became more complex with several organizations arising, each with a specialized target. This is when the force started recruiting people to handle leach arm of the technology independently but in an integrated manner so the whole

Animals with a saccade and fixate eye movements strategy. Why should Essay

Animals with a saccade and fixate eye movements strategy. Why should this be so - Essay Example In animals the visually elicited spikes have been supported by the modulation in Neuronal excitation. Naturally movements of the eye introduce artifact recordings that are done by the electroencephalographic commonly known as the (EEG). The saccade is the word use to refer to the fast eye movement. The eye being on organ in animals can be referred to as a device the same as in a machine that is very useful with the issue of providing sight to the animal as per that matter.When these simulations are done in a quick movement then this is termed as Saccade where both the eyes do move in the same direction. The focus that comes with the eyes moving straight to the area of interest or concern has been researched as being the fixation. For instance animals are able to detect danger and keep a sharp eye focus on the enemy or at times it might not necessary be danger but the animal has spotted its prey. This will cause more concentration as there is need for food (Johansson, 2001).. The eye at this point has been used for locating the food and then the hunting will take place. This strong focus is what is being referred to as fixation. There are always some small eye vibration that so important in visibility moreover to stand still objects. There is circular kind of movements that will be of great importance in giving a clear and stable image. When we refer to the issue of visual fixation we do refer to the starring of a given point. There is need for the co-ordination of the eye the head and other body parts that will bring Saccade and visual fixation to inter-marry. These bring about speed of responding to events and situations. Let’s take an example of a cheater hunting a gazelle in the field. The Saccade will occur when the cheater will focus and move as close as possible to the prey and the fixation of the eyes will be that it won’t change its focus on the prey (Regan, 2000). On the other hand when the gazelle notices the enemy it will moves with spe ed to save its life as the cheater remains focused to the prey to keep it alive or else it will die of hunger. Now the mechanics on the three fixations does occur when the eye movement is given the category of ocular drift. There are micro saccades and then the ocular micro tremors (Brain, 2006). Their function is to perceptual. Oscillation that occurs from this kind of fixation has not been well detected. The cat family, the primates the avian such as the eagle and owl has been reported to have the best fixation practices. They have a very sharp connection between the eye and the brain that helps the to be well adaptable their environment. They connect the neurons in various different visual parts and connect to their brain perfectly (Brain, 2006). This shows that the text processing is ‘on-line’ on a fixation by the fixation basis. In a similar way, difficult words often result in longer fixations. This indicates that cognitive process operates within single fixations . Like music playing, copy typing has a motor output. According to (Butsch, 1932),a typist of any skill levels always attempt to maintain the eyes about one second ahead of the letter he is currently typing. This is much the same as it is in music reading (Butsch, 1932). In both musical sight-reading and text reading, the gaze must move progressively to the right side. However, it is more complicated in that there are two staves -for key board players- from which the notes are must be acquired. As recorded by Weaver (1943), eye movements of trained pianists gets their gaze alternated severally between the lower and upper staves. This alternation clearly shows that notes that are to be

Police Administration Essay Example for Free

Police Administration Essay Since the early part of the twentieth century, academicians and criminal justice practitioners have debated whether police officers should be required to have a college education as a minimum qualification to be hired. Today, there is general agreement that a college education will not necessarily make a person a good police officer, but a good police officer can be made better by having one. Many police executives believe formal college education can improve critical thinking skills of officers and that is becoming a more important factor as the complexity of police work continues to increase. 1 According to a recent article in Police Chief Magazine â€Å"We expect (police officers) to understand and apply the law evenly. We expect them to grasp the nature of social problems and the psychology of people with different attitudes toward the law. We expect officers to professionally and effectively handle disputes involving people from varying cultural, racial and socioeconomic backgrounds.† 2 The importance of possessing a college degree by police officers seems to have substantial support in the literature. If the need or desire is established for the possession of a college degree by police officers, then how do they get one? Traditionally, a college program involved students attending classes at a â€Å"brick and mortar† campus. This was difficult for many officers that already had substantial work and family commitments. With the advent of online (internet delivered) college programs, it is possible for officers to enter or return to college and pursue a degree where previously it may not have been practical for them to do so. With that being said, does an online program sufficiently address the desirable attributes for police officers that the possession of a college degree represents? Historical Perspective for College Educated Police In 1916, August Vollmer, the former Chief of Police of Berkeley, California, was the first to emphasize the need for police officers to have college  degrees. At about the same time, the University of California at Berkeley began to offer law enforcement related courses.3 In 1931, The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (the Wickersham Commission) gave â€Å"national recognition for higher educational standards and more professional police officers.†4 Although the issue of college education for police officers was not specifically addressed, it laid the foundation for subsequent calls to increase educational levels for police. Largely due to Vollmer’s influence, the University of California at Berkeley created a School of Police Administration in 1933, followed shortly thereafter by a similar school at Michigan State University.5 In 1936, Vollmer wrote in his book, The Police in Modern Society, that police officers should be required to have a colleg e education.6 In 1967, the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice made specific recommendations regarding increasing the level of police education. This report was followed by the passage of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, which established the Law Enforcement Education Program (LEEP). LEEP, in part, provided grants and loans to officers to enroll in college and earn their degrees. This infusion of money created a large incentive for institutions to develop academic programs geared toward law enforcement. As police officers began to return to or enter college, some institutions created accelerated or nontraditional programs in criminal justice. Officers could receive credit for experience in related courses and some courses were configured so officers did not have to meet as often as traditional courses. These types of programs were usually administered through the college’s extension program. Today, many public and private institutions offer nontraditional programs that are delivered in the online or e-learning format. According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, in the 2000-2001 academic year, forty-eight percent of all four-year Title IV8 degree granting public institutions and thirty-three percent of four-year Title IV degree granting private institutions had degree programs for undergraduates that were to be completed totally through distance learning.9 Today there are an abundance of distance learning programs being marketed to police officers, especially online programs. The flexibility of the course schedule makes it attractive to busy students. Police officers can do their course work when it is convenient for them and some courses are designed to  be completed at the student’s own pace. Many departments have made strides in requiring some college education as a prerequisite for hiring but most have not. The high school diploma still exists as the most common minimum educational requirement. Even where departments have not required a college degree for hiring, many require or make it desirable to possess a degree for promotion. As early as 1989, the benefits to having educated officers were noted to include:10 †¢ Greater knowledge of procedures, functions, and principles †¢ Better appreciation of their professional role and it’s importance in the criminal justice system as well as in society †¢ More desirable psychological make-up, which includes such qualities as alertness, empathy, flexibility, initiative, and intelligence †¢ Greater range of interpersonal skills centered in their ability to communicate, to be responsive to others, and to exercise benevolent leadership †¢ Greater ability to analyze situations, to exercise discretion independently, and to make judicious decisions †¢ Strong moral character, which reflects a sense of conscience and the qualities of honesty, reliability, and tolerance †¢ More desirable system of personal values consistent with the police function in a democratic society Even back in 1978, though, researchers expressed reservations about the quality of criminal justice programs. The rapid increase in program offerings seemed to make some institutions gear their courses more vocationally than academically. Some recommendations were made to overcome what was perceived as major quality problems in college programs developed for police officers. In addition to perceived quality problems in criminal justice programs, there was a concern that police officers would take college courses just to get the degree. In 1979, Goldstein stated, â€Å"The factor that makes the whole movement toward college education for police personnel most vulnerable to attack is the emphasis which has been put on the acquisition of college credentials without sufficient concern for what is to be learned. Given the multitude of colleges and the number of people who attend them, the degree itself reflects little about the values or relevance of the educational experience.†11 Clearly, the need to ensure that a college program is delivering the appropriate academic curriculum is  critical. In the past, an officer attended a local school and it was more than likely regionally accredited. Today, online colleges can market themselves across the United States or even internationally, claiming accreditation from some official sounding group. Accreditation, curriculum, and instructor competence are all of critical importance in a college program. More than a decade ago, researchers articulated considerations that would be relevant as one considers the potential quality of an educational program. The recommendations included:12 †¢ No college credit should be given for police academy and similar training †¢ Technical and professional police subjects should be limited to a maximum of twenty-five percent of any curriculum †¢ A four-year baccalaureate degree should be the minimum educational qualification for entry into police service †¢ No one should be considered qualified to be a faculty member on the basis of experience alone †¢ Police education faculty should be held to the same standards as other college professors (i.e. Ph.D., master’s degree minimum; involvement in research and publication) These issues among others were discussed by a group of criminal justice related experts who were brought together in a nominal group setting to discuss online education and its potential effect on the future of law enforcement. The Nominal Group Panel As part of a California Peace Officer Standards and Training Command College project, a panel of interested professionals was formed to discuss future trends and events that may have an effect on law enforcement online educational programs in the next five years. It consisted of a Chief of Police of a medium sized police department, a professor who teaches online courses for a major public university and at a local community college, a deputy district attorney, a police officer who is a former high school teacher, a police officer who is a member of the executive board for a police officers association, the criminal justice program coordinator for the local community college, the editor of the local weekly newspaper, and a  counselor for a youth diversion program. There was consensus among the panel members that it is important for police officers to have a college education, and to possess the appropriate degree. The panel felt that a college education earned the traditional way (attending classes at a brick and mortar institution) was the best preparation for a person to be a police officer. The discussion included many of the issues published by researchers and criminal justice practitioners since the 1930’s. The panel felt it was critical for police officers to be socialized with diversified groups of people and exposed to differing viewpoints. The requisite skills of tact and diplomacy learned in a physically social environment, effective public speaking, and command presence are attributes that are learned and reinforced in a traditional educational setting. The panel recognized it may be difficult for a police officer to pursue a traditional degree due to family and work obligations. So what is this officer to do? Many of the officers returning to college or entering college for the first time have turned to online college programs. The panel concluded the flexibility of online educational programs was a tremendous opportunity for current police officers due to the demands of their course schedule. They also understood there was a proliferation of programs being marketed to police officers through police websites or law enforcement related magazines. Legitimate accreditation was a key concern about such programs. The panel members expressed that testing-retained knowledge could be problematic since testing is done in the same delivery format as coursework, and all tests were essentially open book. With regard to the value of such programs, panel members believed that a college degree earned through online programs was different than a college degree earned traditionally. The panel believed that criminal justice practitioners were overused in criminal justice programs especially in online programs. Their concern was the overall value of the college degree since true academic professors were not doing the teaching. They felt that for some disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics or history, an online program was sufficient. But when it came to being a police officer, class attendance and contact with other students face-to-face was preferred. The panel agreed, however, that much of what is done in a traditional setting could be done  online, such as submittal of written reports or studies and coursework assignments. The panel also felt that too much academic credit was given for experience in police work through online programs. The panel felt that rather than rely on a purely online program for an officer to obtain a four-year undergraduate degree, a cross or hybrid approach, with a traditional program could bring the desired benefits of both delivery methods. The Educational Hybrid Amy Fanter, a researcher in the field of hybrid education, noted that â€Å"Hybrid instruction, or hybrid courses refer to classes where there is a carefully planned blend of both traditional classroom instruction and online learning activities.†13 According to criminal justice researchers and practitioners (and supported by the expert panel) the most effective collegiate preparation for police officers are settings inclusive of a social environment. They should be exposed to other racial, ethnic, and diverse groups in an arena where ideas are broached, concepts discussed, and conflict is resolved through dialogue, research, and consensus. Many components of any particular course can be done using the online system (such as writing book reports, completing written requirements and posting of thoughts on issues). If a class was required to meet for a certain amount of time every week or every two weeks, or even once a month to be tested on retained knowledge, to be challenged by other students on stances taken on issues, to participate by speaking about issues, and so on, then the socializing of the officer can be effectively satisfied. No matter how effective, a distance learning program not offering this option will impact skills that might only be gained in this type of setting. Using a hybrid approach for coursework would allow for the flexibility of online educational programs and meet the some of the critical benefits of traditional programs. Those that may advocate for pure e-learning should remain mindful of the â€Å"soft skills† necessary for the modern law enforcement officer, and the best opportunities to acquire them. Conclusion The desire for a police officer to have a college education appears settled.  National commissions, criminal justice professional associations, academicians, attorneys, and courts have all expressed this view. The question remains; how does the individual peace officer best do it? Attending the traditional college program at a brick and mortar campus seems to be the preferred way. This method may not be practical for some officers, so the alternative of the hybrid approach should be considered. It blends many of the positives from both traditional and online programs. Certainly, there may be situations where even a hybrid approach is not practical. It seems Vollmer and many others would support an online program to gain at least the concepts and critical thinking skills a collegiate education offers. Progressive police agencies may take the lead to shape their future by entering into a partnership with a local public or private institution to develop a hybrid program to be implemented for their staff. In any case, police management should encourage officers and employees to return to college to earn their four-year degree. The result will be better staff and officers, and a better chance to meet the needs of today and tomorrow. ENDNOTES 1 Bueermann, Jim, â€Å"Redlands, California,† The Police Chief, August 2006, accessed February 1, 2007, available at www.policechiefmagazine.org 2 Bowman, Theron, â€Å"The Chief’s Perspective: Demolishing the Recruitment Myth,† The Police Chief, August 2006, accessed February 1, 2007, available at www.policechiefmagazine.org 3 Travis, Jeremy, â€Å"Education in Law Enforcement: Beyond the College Degree.† An address presented to the Center for Research in Law and Justice, Chicago, February 10, 1995, accessed December 19, 2006, available at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/speeches/police.htm 4 Carter, David, Sapp, Allen, and Stephens, Darrel, The State of Police Education: Policy Direction for the 21st Century, (Washington, D.C., 1989) 1 5 Carter, David, Sapp, Allen, and Stephens, Darrel, The State of Police Education: Policy Direction for the 21st Century, (Washington, D.C., 1989) 4 6 Coons, Jeffrey, â€Å"Studies, Case Law, Quotes, Standards and Trends in Support of College Education for Police Officers.† An Information Paper for the Police Association for College Education, March 18, 2004, Accessed August 18, 2007, available at www.police-association.org 7 Carter, David, Sapp, Allen, and Stephens, Darrel, The State of Police Education: Policy Direction for the 21st Century, (Washington, D.C., 1989) 1 8 An institution that may participate in most Title IV federal student financial assistance programs, National Center for Education Statistics, accessed September 9, 2007, available at http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/glossary/index.asp?id=465 9 â€Å"Distance Education at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions: 2000-2001.† National Center for Education Statistics, accessed Sept 9, 2007, available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/2003017.pdf 10 Carter, David, Sapp, Allen, and Stephens, Darrel, The State of Police Education: Policy Direction for the 21st Century, (Washington, D.C., 1989) 10-11 11 Carter, David, Sapp, Allen, and Stephens, Darrel, The State of Police Education: Policy Direction for the 21st Century, (Washington, D.C., 1989) 24 12 Carter, David, Sapp, Allen, and Stephens, Darrel, The State of Police Education: Policy Direction for the 21st Century, (Washington, D.C., 1989) 27 13 Fanter, Amy, â€Å"Hybrid Education: The Future of Instructional Models.,† World Wide Learn, accessed September 9, 2007, available at http://www.worldwidelearn.com/education-articles/hybrid-education.html

lion king the musical Essay -- essays research papers

Lion King: The Musical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The original Disney cartoon of a lion cub blamed for his father’s death has been remade into a Broadway musical acclaimed all over the world. Seen by over twenty five million people in over 15 thousand performances this intricately designed wonder has taken over 37 thousand hours just to build the puppets and masks. Julie Taymor the director and costume designer was faced with a problem of whether to create humans or animals playing the part and she decided to make masks that show the animal face, as well as, show the human face giving the character his or her personality. As for expressing other animals that are not part of the main cast or to express a certain theme, 2 different kinds of puppetry were used to express an African theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Masks are considered â€Å"functional works of art† and play a social purpose in Africa. They are used in storytelling and ceremonies and are made to be worn over the head rather than cover the face. This technique is also used in The Lion King so that the human facial expression is not lost and to support the beadwork, corsets and armor used to show the human qualities of a lion. The costumes on the other hand are made of silk cloth to hide the human form, break the shoulder line and to enhance the powerful joints and thighs. The masks are made in such a way that the actor can control the facial expression of the mask through cables ... lion king the musical Essay -- essays research papers Lion King: The Musical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The original Disney cartoon of a lion cub blamed for his father’s death has been remade into a Broadway musical acclaimed all over the world. Seen by over twenty five million people in over 15 thousand performances this intricately designed wonder has taken over 37 thousand hours just to build the puppets and masks. Julie Taymor the director and costume designer was faced with a problem of whether to create humans or animals playing the part and she decided to make masks that show the animal face, as well as, show the human face giving the character his or her personality. As for expressing other animals that are not part of the main cast or to express a certain theme, 2 different kinds of puppetry were used to express an African theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Masks are considered â€Å"functional works of art† and play a social purpose in Africa. They are used in storytelling and ceremonies and are made to be worn over the head rather than cover the face. This technique is also used in The Lion King so that the human facial expression is not lost and to support the beadwork, corsets and armor used to show the human qualities of a lion. The costumes on the other hand are made of silk cloth to hide the human form, break the shoulder line and to enhance the powerful joints and thighs. The masks are made in such a way that the actor can control the facial expression of the mask through cables ...

Heritage and Production of Archaeological Data

our site – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING – EXAMPLE ESSAY Introduction This critical analysis essay centers on heritage, discussing what it demonstrates about the production of archaeological data through case studies. It covers a discussion of whether the production of archaeological data is always objective. There is an assumed synergy between heritage and archaeological data, as demonstrated by the concept â€Å"Archaeological Heritage Management† (Waterton and Smith, 2009: 41). Taking the archaeological point of view, heritage is often referred to as the material culture of the past, or those manmade structures and artefacts that comprise the archaeological record and are intended to explain the past (Waterton and Smith, 2009). The production of archeological data is a result of a study and observation of archeological record, which helps establish the domain of heritage (Binfold, 2009). Is the production of archaeological data always objective? The production of archaeological data is always objective, and this is recognised explicitly by the literature (e.g. Waterton and Smith, 2009). The ways in which heritage demonstrates this objectivity is seen in the tacit assumption embodied in the knowledge being produced from interpreting the past, which informs identity and is thus called ‘heritage’ (Waterton and Smith, 2009: 42), as well as the needed consistency of the data (both in terms of individual inventory and organisational inventory) so that they may be capable of use in the future (Barrett, et al., 2007). Since data must be consistent to this level, subjectivity has therefore no room in their production. Worthy of note is the fact that there are various contexts from which the production of heritage can take place, ranging from historical documents, archaeological excavations, values and meanings placed on heritage such as buildings and natural environment. Similarly, archeological heritage is commonly produced through research as well as academic discourses, which in fact help promote what is considered ‘heritage’ (Hicks, McAtackney, and Fairclough, 2007: 102). In managing the artistic heritage, the acquisition of data is an important aspect (Ferrari, 2010). Since archaeological heritage is produced through research and is formed by inferences through discourses, it is but proper to say that such process of production is objectively carried out since research itself is a field of objective characterisation. The notion that heritage is characterised by ‘multi-vocality’ (Habu, Fawcett, and Matsunaga, 2008: 38; Waterton and Smith, 2009: 42) does not automatically suggest that it is non-definitive and subjective in its production of archeological data. Archaeological data are material, and this materiality enables the concept of heritage to become intrinsically knowable and controllable. These knowable and controllable characteristics is seen in the extent through which archaeological heritage can be defined, discovered, recorded, managed, and conserved. The naturalisation of archaeological assumptions also supports this knowable nature of heritage in legal and policy documents (Waterton and Smith, 2009). Such process cannot therefore be merely placed in some subjective assumptions of data production. This is further supported by an assertion (e.g. Hodder, 2004) that archaeology can take an interpretive form, and its role is to facilitate the involvement of the past in the pr esent period through objective archaeological data. Smith (2004) also calls objects from the past as part of an objective archaeological record, reinforcing the general claim of the literature on the subject. Additionally, much can be learned about past history by using more theorised approaches to understand the relationship between history and archaeology (Robertson, Seibert, Fernandez, 2006). Such theory application is an objective stance of the archeological field (e.g. Cobb, Harris, Jones et al., 2012; Gibbon, 2014; Jones, 2002). Case studies on heritage and production of archaeological data A case study that may be cited in this paper is the Lodenice project in central Bohemia in the early 1990s, which is also known for a Viereckschanze (rectangular enclosure) excavation. This project identified an Iron Age settlement and remnants of decorative arm rings dating from 2nd to first centuries BC. This project, which produced a Celtic carved rag stone head, used an analytical fieldwork survey and multivariate mathematical analysis, combined with geographical information system (GIS) (Hicks et al., 2007). This example demonstrates the extent to which the production of archaeological data aims to be as objective as possible, for the archaeologies may simply assume the nature of data collected, but lack of definite measurements and other objective applications would place the whole investigation into mere assumptions. Another case that may be cited is the Bylany Project in Norway (1990s). Grants were used to finance archaeological research, enabling the excavation of Neolithic circular enclosures of Bylany’s complex. The integration of National Heritage Institute with rescue excavation administration has been a pending situation, which can negatively impact long-term archeological research in the Kutna Hora region. This archeological research is currently on systematic monitoring (Biehl and Prescott, 2013). The production of archaeological data informs of their use for future research and knowledge production as well as their objective and systematic production, reinforcing the idea that these data are always objective. Moreover in England, a data standard for the Sites and Monuments Records (SMRs) was established in the 1990s, facilitated by what is now known as the English Heritage’s National Monument Record. This data standard acknowledged the importance of records, including the activities of people involved in studying the resource, the sources of such information, and information on the process of managing the resource. This is to enable the successful management of the archaeological and historic environment within which archaeological data are derived (Barrett, Dingwall, Gaffney, et al., 2007). This manner of record-keeping for the production of archaeological data reveals the importance of objectivity. Worthy of discussion is the Tsodillo rock art in Botswana, which was the focus of intensive survey programme and recording by the Botswana National Museum during the late 20th century. The rock art holds the archaeological evidence that human settlement once existed in the landscape (Hicks et al., 2007). The recording and survey carried out by the Museum indicate the pursuit for objectivity in the investigation of the Tsodillo landscape. These case studies discuss what heritage demonstrates about the production of archaeological data being systematically acquired and processed, and thus entail the collaboration of specific government organisations in charge of heritage and archaeological data management. Thus, despite the perceived artistry of heritage, it is largely governed by some objectivity and system-specific characteristics in the production of archaeological data. Conclusion This critical analysis essay has discussed what heritage demonstrates about the production of archaeological data. It has focused on whether the production of archaeological data is always objective, illustrating the answer through cases studies. This brief claims that such production is indeed always objective, as reinforced by the extant literature denoting such objectivity and systematic stances. These data must necessarily be consistent in order for them to be of viable use in the future; hence, subjectivity has no room in their production. Moreover, archaeological data are material, enabling them to become inherently knowable and controllable and are thus definable, discoverable, recordable, manageable, and conservable. Case studies are provided, aiming to serve as evidence for the objectivity of the production of archaeological data. References Barrett, G., Dingwall, L., Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., Huckerby, C., and Maguire, T. (2007) Heritage Management at Ford Hood, Texas: Experiments in Historic Landscape Characterisation. England: Archaeopress. Biehl, P. F. and Prescott, C. (2013) Heritage in the Context of Globalization: Europe and the Americas. NY: Springer. Binfold, L. R. (2009) Debating Archaeology: Updated Edition. CA: Left Coast Press, Inc. Cobb, H., Harris, O. J. T., Jones, C., and Richardson, P. (2012) Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork: Exploring On-Site Relationships Between Theory and Practice. NY: Springer. Ferrari, A. (2010) The 8th Framework Programme of the European Commission and the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage: The EACH Project. Italy: CNR, Institute of Chemical Methodologies. Gibbon, G. (2014) Critically Reading the Theory and Methods of Archaeology: An Introductory Guide. Maryland: AltaMira Press. Habu, J., Fawcett, C., and Matsunaga, J. M. (2008) Evaluating Multiple Narratives: Beyond Nationalist, Colonialist, Imperialist Archaeologies. NY: Springer. Hicks, D., McAtackney, L., and Fairclough, J. (2007) Envisioning Landscape: Situations and Standpoints in Archaeology and Heritage. CA: Left Coast Press, Inc. Hodder, I. (2004) Theory and Practice in Archaeology. NY: Routledge. Jones, A. (2002) Archaeological Theory and Scientific Practice. UK: Cambridge University Press. Robertson, E. C., Seibert, J. D., Fernandez, D. C., and Zender, M. U. (2006) Space and Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Alberta: University of Calgary Press. Smith, L. (2004) Archaeological Theory and the Politics of Cultural Heritage. London: Routledge. Waterton, E. and Smith, L. (2009) Heritage, Communities and Archaeology. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Can’t Change Fate Essay - 1709 Words

Odysseus, the main character in Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey†, uses his brain more than his strength when he is faced with an obstacle. Odysseus is known as a man of â€Å"twists and turns†; his supreme physical strength is secondary to the strength of his mind in â€Å"The Odyssey†. Throughout the story, Odysseus relies on his smarts, rather than strength to overcome each obstacle. He has the essential qualities of a Heroic leader such as being brave, strong, noble, mighty, but instead his intelligence makes Odysseus a hero. â€Å"Mind over Matter† or â€Å"Cunning over Strength† appears to be a theme of â€Å"The Odyssey†. Before â€Å"The Odyssey† Odysseus was victorious in the Trojan War; thanks to his quick thinking and ability to strategize. While his side was†¦show more content†¦Odysseus cunningly told the Cyclops that his name was Nobody, and then patiently waited until Polypemus was asleep to stab his eye, blinding him, yet leaving him the ability to open the doorway. It is significant that Odysseus claims to be â€Å"Nobody† to Polypemus; for the Cyclops yells out to his siblings that â€Å"Nobody stabbed his eye.† This shows that be cunning is more powerful than strength. Another example of Odysseus’ mind power is displayed through his change of identity and trickery when he came back from his journey. Odysseus is aware that he is no match for the youthful, strapping suitors in his palace; so he arranges a situation in which the suitors are locked in a room alone with him killing the suitors. Another example is the Sirens’ song, which no man can resist. Odysseus was a very curious and temped man so he has his crew tie him to his ship because he cannot resist the songs. These are just a few of the many challenges Odysseus faces in the Odyssey. Odysseus’ intelligence and strength of mind has the potential to live a full natural life; destined to die in peace. Not only did Odysseus a survivor of adventures and obstacles, he is considered a true hero. The first thing that makes Odysseus a hero is that he is favored by the gods. He was faced many dangerous and life threatening obstacles which no man has done before in his time. Thi s displays that this voyage was what heShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening, By Kate Chopin1478 Words   |  6 PagesFate is a highly questionable topic when it comes to how people live their lives. Many people can’t comprehend giving their life up to chance, but many believe it to be the best way to live. Fate is the destined path given to each person to implement throughout their lifetime. It can’t be stopped, or reasoned with, merely accepted. Many characters struggle with idea of fate in The Awakening, but nobody accepts fate more than Edna. In Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, fate is used as an irrepressibleRead MoreFate1150 Words   |  5 PagesFate Some people believe that each step steps on the way of life is predetermined through the beginning to the end, and people are powerless to resist it. The main character who is the narrator of the short novel, â€Å"A Woman Like Me† by Xi Xi, is trying to convey to us the same concept which is called the fate. She has been an orphan since she was very young, and she and her brother were raised by her Aunt Yifen. Her aunt has so much pressure that she pays less attention on their education, so whenRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Shakespeares Romeo and Juiliet807 Words   |  3 PagesFate. Who would have guessed that this four letter, one-syllable word would play such a big role in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet? Many people believed that it was free choices that led to the tragic ending of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, but it was really fate. When looking up fate using dictionary.com, it says that fate’s something that unavoidably befalls a person; fortune, but in Romeo and Juliet, fate is reality. Perhaps the biggest and most overlooked example of fate was in the PrologueRead MoreEssay about The Predestined Fate Of Oedipus the King1135 Words   |  5 Pages Predestined Fate of Oedipus nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In ancient Greek society they believed that ones life is predestined and that ones fate is sealed. What is meant to occur will happen no matter what that person does. In quot;Oedipus Rexquot; Oedipus fate is doomed from his birth because of the actions of his ancestors. Unlike Oedipus most people today dont believe in predestined fate. People can be all they want to be regardless of their background or the circumstances of their livesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1549 Words   |  7 PagesLawrence and the theme of fate play decisive roles that hold responsibility in the turnout of events that lead to a tragic conclusion. Romeo, the lover himself is rebellious and desperate for love. His impulsive personality towards love and marriage establishes danger not only upon himself but as well as his partner Juliet. Friar Lawrence is well-regarded, but his rashness, ignorance, and ill-advised thinking place both lovers in puzzling situations. Finally, the theme of fate and its force acting uponRead MoreCharacter Is Fate1490 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter is Fate – Essay â€Å"A man’s character is his fate† once said the Greek philosopher Heraclites. By this he meant that our personalities and actions shape the outcomes of our lives and therefore our destiny. This statement opposes the traditional view that man’s fate is determined by an external force (name it god or even chance). This argument is basically one of faith: do you believe we shape our own futures by how we act, or are our lives programmed in a certain unchangeable way? In otherRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus Rex1024 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles, the story revolves around the central theme of prophecy, and forces the reader to seriously consider the extent to which the protagonist’s doom is dependent upon his own free will or is predetermined by fate. In the story, Oedipus was not a victim of only his actions or only his fate, but his actions and fatal flaws did affect the path that he took to his demise, through his pride/ignorance/temper, his unquenchable thirst for knowledge, and his cowardice. In the beginning of the story, OedipusRead MoreFate vs Free Will1663 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus The King: Fate Vs. Free Will The ancient Greek writer, Sophocles suggests that while there are factors beyond mankind’s control that we have the power to make choices that affect our destiny. In his play, Oedipus the King, Sophocles makes it quite clear that although everyone is born with a fate, you have the ability to alter its direction and toll. The main character of the play, Oedipus, is based on the way Sophocles portrays the equilibrium between fate and freewill, and shows theRead MoreLiterary Analysis Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagesthe end and they all live happily ever after. In fact, all protagonists’ fate is decided by the narrator’s hand. Just like the literary works we have recently read, including the poems â€Å"Sunday Greens† by Rita Dove, â€Å"Sinful City† by Jaroslav Seifert and the excerpt from Like Water for Chocolate from Laura Esquivel, the characters’ fate was sealed from that moment. Therefore, the most relevant theme through three works is that fate is for those too weak to determine their own destiny. We are fated,Read MoreMacbeth Fate vs. Freewill Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesFate vs. Freewill In Shakespeare’s Tragedy Macbeth, it is very debatable if fate, or freewill is what causes Macbeth to do the things he does through out the tragedy. Freewill is at work most through out the tragedy because Macbeth is convinced he can change or speed up the fate the three weird sisters prophesized for him at his own will. Throughout the play, Macbeth slowly begins to think he can modify his fate by using the prophecies told to Macbeth by the weird sisters and attempting to change